NeurIPS 2026 Workshop

XAI4Science: Knowledge Discovery and Trust through Interpretable Foundation Models

December 11–12, 2026 Sydney, Australia Submissions open

"Demystifying the climate black box." Join us in mapping the future of explainable AI and weather foundation models.

About

Two converging crises in climate modeling

Climate change represents an existential race that humanity cannot afford to lose. Through accurate weather forecasting models and Environmental Sciences, researchers make informed choices towards a more sustainable future. While traditional models require immense computational resources, Machine Learning (ML) has proven to be a viable and efficient solution as more data is collected. Weather and Climate forecasting Foundation Models (FM) have shown that comparable results can be achieved with a fraction of the resources, opening the field to smaller countries and research teams with less investment and representation. While this provided a solution to the "efficiency" crisis in climate modeling, it introduced a "transparency" crisis: these black-box models pose a significant threat to scientific trust and social equity, impeding wider adoption in extreme weather event preparation and intervention, and in sustainable initiatives and global net-zero projects.

This workshop focuses on two converging crises: the technical challenge of extracting physically consistent explanations from high-dimensional FMs, and the risk that non-transparent models will reinforce existing inequalities through biased resource allocation. By integrating eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) into the modeling pipeline, we aim to reduce the interpretability gap and bias of FMs. By bringing together ML researchers, climate scientists, and policy experts, we investigate the fundamental role of interpretable architectures in addressing extreme weather events and building a low-carbon society for a better future.

Topics & Speakers

What the workshop covers

By bringing together ML researchers, climate scientists, and policy experts, the program focuses on three threads:

  • Physically consistent explanationsExtracting explanations from high-dimensional weather and climate Foundation Models that hold up against known physics.
  • Equity of accessThe risk that non-transparent models reinforce existing inequalities through biased resource allocation.
  • Knowledge discovery in practiceApplying interpretability to extreme weather preparation, low-carbon initiatives, and scientific trust more broadly.
Invited Speaker
Gustau Camps-Valls (tentative)

Universitat de València

Invited Speaker
Megan J. Stanley (tentative)

Ellison Institute of Technology Oxford

Invited Speaker
Lily Xu (tentative)

Columbia University

Invited Speaker
David Rolnick (tentative)

McGill University & Mila

Program

Schedule

Tentative — one day, four invited talks, a panel, and two poster sessions.

Time Session
8:00 – 8:15 am Opening Remarks
8:15 – 9:00 am Invited talk I Gustau Camps-Valls Universitat de València
9:00 – 9:45 am Invited talk II Megan J. Stanley Ellison Institute of Technology Oxford
9:45 – 10:30 am Invited talk III Lily Xu Columbia University
10:30 am – 12:00 pm BreakPoster Session I & Coffee Break
12:00 – 1:00 pm Lunch Break
1:00 – 2:00 pm Contributed Talks (I, II, III, and IV)
2:00 – 2:45 pm Invited talk IV David Rolnick McGill University & Mila
2:45 – 4:15 pm BreakPoster Session II & Coffee Break
4:15 – 5:00 pm (Panel) The Interpretability Gap: Is a "Black Box" Prediction Better than No Prediction?
Call for Submissions

Submission guidelines

(1) Regular Paper Track: up to 8 pages, excluding references and appendices.

(2) Tiny Paper Track: up to 5 pages, excluding references and appendices.

Unlimited pages are allowed for references and appendices in the same PDF as the main paper.

Submissions must be in a single PDF file and are required to use the NeurIPS 2026 LaTeX template, available on the NeurIPS 2026 Main Track Handbook.

We welcome optional anonymous submissions of ongoing and unpublished work on any topics related to the workshop.

We require each submission to nominate at least one author to serve as a reviewer, following the NeurIPS 2026 reciprocal review rule, and we aim for each paper to collect at least three reviews.

Contributed talks' speakers will be selected from the top submissions received, giving deserving works a spotlight to a broad audience. Each speaker will have 15 minutes (10+5) for presentation and Q&A.

Important Dates

All dates are in AoE (Anywhere on Earth) time.

Submission Deadline August 29, 2026, AoE
Review Period September 1 – September 15, 2026, AoE
Rebuttal Period Ends September 20, 2026, AoE
Advisory Committee Discussion Ends September 27, 2026, AoE
Notification of Acceptance September 28, 2026, AoE
Workshop Date NeurIPS 2026 (TBD)
Team

Organizers

Leonardo Pesce
Leonardo Pesce

National University of Singapore

Jiawen Wei
Jiawen Wei

National University of Singapore

Max Welling
Max Welling

University of Amsterdam

Gianmarco Mengaldo
Gianmarco Mengaldo

National University of Singapore

Reviewers

Program Committee

Gabriele Messori
Steven Brunton
Erik CambriaInvited
Wojciech Samek
Ricardo Vinuesa
Xiaoxiang Zhu
Nils Thuerey
Duncan Watson-Parris
Jeff Adie
Laure ZannaInvited
Wessel Bruinsma
Elizabeth Barnes
Xin Wang
Rui Mao
Luwei Xiao
Christian Lessig